technology Information

Movie Review - Terminator Salvation

2009-06-04T08:23:00.000-07:00

Just got back from catching Terminator Salvation in GSC Queensbay. The fourth bigscreen installment in the venerable Terminator franchise, this movie eschews the time travel elements in favor of showing the Future War in earnest. Or rather the early days of the war where John Connor had yet to become the leader of the human resistance, although he is already the voice and icon. Be warned - there be mild spoilers ahead.

Starring Christian Bale, Sam Worthington, Bryce Dallas-Howard, Moon Bloodgood, and Anton Yelchin, this is definitely a good looking movie full of all sorts of special effects and audio candy, as well as loads of action sequences while introducing new never before seen Terminator models. It's bigger and badder than past movies - but does it tell a good story? Alas, I am sorry to say that while the story is serviceable and decent enough, it has more in common with Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines than the better received and venerable first two movies directed by creator James Cameron.

Despite there being lots of nicely choreographed action sequences, I found myself bored and detached for the first two-thirds of the movie. Maybe it's due to my familiarity with Terminator lore, but there isn't much suspense because we know there's no way in hell either John Connor or Kyle Reese will die. Similarly, the trailers simply revealed too much. When Marcus Wright (Sam Worthington's character) was revealed to be a Terminator, there was simply no shock or suspense whatsoever as the revelatory scene was used for nearly all trailers! Similarly, while MOST of the CGI effects are gorgeous, there are a couple of scenes (i.e. John Connor's first confrontation with a damaged T-600, the Hunter-Killer chasing Marcus and Kyle in LA, any shot of the Skynet facility in San Francisco) were rather dodgy.

Overall, the only misgiving I have is with the story - but this is the most serious shortcoming any form if storytelling medium can have, be it a book or movie or videogame. So what did I like about the movie?

The audio effects are absolutely amazing. Easily some of the best audio I have had the pleasure to experience since The Dark Knight or Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones. This is enough to convince me to get the eventual Blu-ray Disc release later this year. I can only hope it comes equipped with a 7.1 audio track.

I was also very appreciative of the easter eggs, culled from all three previous Terminator movies. Fans of television's Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles would be disappointed to see all elements from the show are ignored, opting to incorporate Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines continuity instead. From the third movie, we of course have Claire Danes' Kate Brewster character (now Kate Connor, played by Bryce Dallas-Howard) make a return, as well as cameos of the first generation T-100 robots.

From the second movie, we have Guns & Roses' You Could Be Mine briefly played shortly before John Connor takes down a Mototerminator (ugh). Fans of Terminator 2: Judgment Day would know this is the same song played when young John Connor was working on his dirtbike in his garage. And of course there are the classic lines such as "I'll be back", "Come with me if you want to live", and "There is no fate but what we make". Best of all is the cameo of the original T-800 Cyberdyne Model 101 Terminator, replete with flesh covering (fans should know who and what I am talking about). Ah, the wonders of technology.

Danny Elfman's score is aggressive and suits the testosterone heavy nature of the story very well. And the inclusion of classic leitmotifs from the original Brad Fiedel scores from the first two movies are always welcome.

As a whole, I would have to give this movie 5/10. Hardly the best movie of the year, but it is technically very impressive and the final third of the movie is simply great dumb fun action with twists and turns that even had me surprised on occasion.

Tokyo Gore Police

2009-06-04T08:20:00.000-07:00

JAPANESE horror has never been so sickly sweet than with this comical gore fest that repels and delights with equal measure.

Featuring a brilliant blend of comic book violence, gore drenched horror and samurai action this modern cult classic tells the story of Ruka – a special forces cop in a privatised police force charged with hunting homicidal mutants known as Engineers. A genetic mystery, these killers have the ability to morph any injury they receive into a deadly and gruesome weapon.

Tokyo Gore Police lives up to its name, pushing the boundaries of moral decency at every turn with a guilty grin. Sex, suicide, rape and violence are all treated with a comic disregard, while every slice and dice produces an endless spray of blood that would make Peter Jackson blush.

Tokyo Gore Police is a horror treat combining the fun of the 1980s with the violent liberties of today. A real treat for those who can stomach it.

rebuild your credit after bankruptcy

2008-12-21T04:16:00.001-08:00

If you are worried about rebuilding credit after bankruptcy, this article will help you with some general advice about how to find your way back to the top.

What filing bankruptcy is all about

Bankruptcy is a process whereby a person in debt can crawl out from under it and start again. The idea is to help out those who are in dire financial straits, and are in debt over their heads. The result is that you do not have to pay back most of your debts, you are debt free and can move on. The drawback is that it leaves a nasty stain on your credit report for the next ten years, making it hard to reestablish yourself and recover.

Do I really have to wait another ten years before I can get a loan again?

No. As a matter of fact it is possible to get credit again. However, it will be a bit more difficult. One possibility is to get a protected or pre-paid credit card which can be used by depositing money into it, like a bank debit card. This can help you rebuild your credit again, and establish yourself. After a while it can help you start to get loans and credit again before the ten years is up.

What about my debts?

One good thing about filing is that it gets rid of the creditors once and for all. They won't be bothering you anymore. Once all the paperwork is in and processed, it is illegal for them to keep harassing you. You have the law on your side!

Will everybody know that I filed?

No. Very few will actually know about it. However, since the file is accessible to the public it will be visible on your credit rating, and will be kept on file for ten years.

What are the changes I've been hearing about?

The original laws were passed in 1978, and were revised in 2005. The general idea of the new legislation is to make people who CAN pay some of their debts pay. The laws were being abused by those who could have paid. Here are the major changes that went into effect last year:

-You have to meet certain requirements in order to be able to file bankruptcy. Your family income will be checked to ensure that it is below the state average. They also want to make sure that your family is able to make the regular payments.

-You are required to submit your last year's tax return, in addition to all the other paperwork.

-They also require that you have lived in the state in which you file for at least two years. The reason for this is that some states have more or less lenient laws.

-Child support and alimony and are the debts that have to be paid first

Business Loan

2008-12-21T04:04:00.000-08:00

At one time or another, you will probably find that you need a business loan, either to get your business up and running or to sustain its ongoing growth. It only makes sense that lenders want to minimize their risk, so securing business loans requires a good bit of preparation. You want to make sure that you can convince the lender that your business is credible and that you can be counted upon for repayment.

Admittedly, the process for acquiring a business loan is generally more complex than getting a personal loan, but it need not be overwhelming. The key is to have a clear, systematic approach that covers all of the bases. The three steps that will get you headed in the right direction are plan, identify references and determine needs. Let's take a more detailed look at each of these three steps.
Step One--Plan

It may be hard to believe, but some entrepreneurs think that because they have a good idea, they don't need to plan for the success of their business. There is a kind of magical thinking that leads these idealists to believe that somehow or another the business will just take care of itself once they get started. They do not plan.

Lenders, however, will want more than your enthusiasm to convince them that your idea is a good one. They will want a business plan and maybe a plan for marketing. If you don't have a well-thought out business plan, lenders may not be convinced that your business is worth the risk.
Step Two--Identify References

Traditionally, we think of references as being people who can speak positively in our behalf. When it comes to building business credit, these references need to come from those with whom you have conducted business. For example, you want to establish a good relationship with the bank who holds your business account and with two or three vendors with whom you have conducted business. These can then serve as references when you apply for your loan.
Step Three--Determine Needs

Before you approach the lender, you need to make sure you can thoroughly answer the questions of why and how. Why do you need the loan? The more details you can provide, the more convincing you will be. How much do you need? Make sure the amount you are requesting is reasonable and clearly relates to your statement about why you need it. You may also want to offer suggestions about how you will repay the loan. Don't wait for the lender to ask. Be proactive.

Lenders want to see evidence that your business is viable and credible, so the more thorough you can be in your preparations, the more likely you will succeed. A little prep time spent upfront can make the difference in whether or not you get the loan.

lender will sue for deficiency

2008-12-12T19:35:00.000-08:00

Foreclosures are on the rise, and so are judgments from lenders to people that have gone through a foreclosure. While there are several reasons to try to avoid a foreclosure such as your credit, future buying power one of the main concerns is if the lender can sue you for a deficiency judgment. A lender, in most cases, has the right to sue a homeowner whom has lost their home to a foreclosure, however in most cases there is little danger for the former homeowner to be sued in the event of a foreclosure.Understanding how the foreclosure process works will also help you understand how a deficiency is created. The liens that are affecting the property are paid off by way of a sheriff's sale, or foreclosure action. The proceeds that are generated during the sale are used to pay off lien holders that have interest in the property. In many cases, the first mortgage holder ultimately purchases the property, and buys the house back. By making the minimum bid on behalf of them, the first mortgage holder and the most vested, wins the auction. However, when this happens they do not pay the loan off in full, this presents an issue of a remaining outstanding balance on the loan. If the proceeds do not cover the entire loan amount and therefore you have a difference between what is owed and the actual sales price this does not mean that you are responsible for the difference.First, in order to responsible for the difference, the foreclosure laws in the state where the sale was a held have to allow the lenders to sue the previous homeowner for the deficiency. Not all state permit the lenders to do this, you will need to check your local laws for each particular case. If in the event that the state does not permit this action from the lender, then you are perfectly safe from being sued, you have nothing to worry about, the lender will not be able to take other assets such as cars, or wages from you, and they simply have to take the loss.In the case where the law does permit the lender to sue, it is rare that they will take legal action to do this. Think about it, people that have lost their homes to foreclosure are usually in a financial position that enabled them to make the payments and lose their home in the fast place. Therefore, most lenders have the same thoughts; they are worried about how they would ever collect the money, even if there were a judgment against the previous homeowner. IN just about all case, they do not have the money to pay it back anyway so a judgment is worthless. Victims of foreclosure generally file a bankruptcy shortly after, because they are having financial difficulties and a bankruptcy is a way to help clean the slate. The fact of the mater is, lenders are not likely to pursue you personally, as in most cases it is simply a waste of time and money, and the will not recapture there loss anyway.Therefore, in conclusion, you almost never have to worry about a lender suing you for a deficiency from a foreclosure, even if the law allows the lender too. Lenders can try to get the outstanding balance, but the additional costs to pursue it and the unlikely chance they will recoup the loss makes it highly unlikely that they will try to make you pay for the deficiency after a foreclosure. Most lenders will accept the loss, and leave the previous alone so that all parties involved can move forward.

can government solve foreclosure

2008-12-12T19:32:00.000-08:00

Foreclosures are up nationwide, and will continue to rise as prices continue to go flat in many markets. For some, the problem is painful. Ask New Century Financial Corporation, the nation's second largest subprime lender, who recently filed for bankruptcy. Ask the guy down the block from you whose house is in foreclosure.Foreclosures are up nationwide, and will continue to rise as prices continue to go flat in many markets. For some, the problem is painful. Ask New Century Financial Corporation, the nation's second largest subprime lender, who recently filed for bankruptcy. Ask the guy down the block from you whose house is in foreclosure.Some pundits think the rising foreclosures will bankrupt our economy, causing pain for people who lose their business or job as a ripple effect of all these foreclosures. Others think that the rise in foreclosures is a healthy adjustment to the end of a long real estate boom, and is nature's way of taking care of a free-market economic cycle.Who's right? Time will tell, but it's alarming to see politicians trying to fix this problem. Here are some of their solutions.Give People MoneyTax the rich, give to the poor. The federal government now wants to fund programs to help people stay in their homes.Second foreclosure-prevention bill introduced in SenateA new bill in the Senate proposes giving money to people who can't pay their loans. We taxpayers are confused. If these people are in trouble because they never should have been given such a loan, why should taxpayer money be used to keep them in their homes that they could not otherwise afford?Maybe someone in Washington has the answer to that question?Regulate Foreclosure InvestorsI have written extensively about the assault on foreclosure investors that have been initiated by consumer advocate groups, resulting in a tsunami of new 'Foreclosure Protection' laws across the country.A Review of the NCLC's "Dreams Foreclosed" ReportWhile protecting innocent homeowners from unethical investors is a good idea, new legislation is not always the answer. Enforcement of existing consumer protection laws and prosecution under existing criminal laws is certainly a better option than creating new laws that limit the options of a seller in foreclosure. The best solution to a foreclosure epidemic is a free market that allows investors to gobble up inventory. By hamstringing investors with complicated, punitive regulations, it will only discourage transactions and result in more properties in lender inventory. More lender inventory forces them to sell at lower prices, which hurts the entire real estate market.Stop the Foreclosure ProcessThe Government of the State of Massachusetts just handed the State Banking Division the authority to put up to a two month delay on any lender foreclosure. All a homeowner has to do is file a complaint with that office.State Orders Foreclosure DelaysIt is not year clear on how many lenders this will affect, but certainly this move is troubling. If the government's action is based on a consumer complaint, what kind of complaint deserves the kind of government involvement that stops a lender from collecting on its debt?Certainly, any homeowner whose legal rights have been violated under state or federal law can stop or delay a foreclosure with a court order.Opponents, of course, will argue that since these people in foreclosure can't afford lawyers, they won't have the means to seek this remedy. Such is life, that people who are in debt can't afford lawyers to protect their legal rights. Do people in $1,000,000 homes deserve the same protection as people in $100,000 homes? Do lenders and their shareholders have the right to foreclose and get their collateral back?And, think about the next logical step... will the government stop allowing landlords to evict if the problem gets bad enough?Stop the Lenders from LendingNobody can seriously deny that lenders got sloppy in how they lent mortgage money over the last 10 years. As a result, many people got into loans they couldn't pay back, and we now see the consequences.Conversely, with the exception of gross overreaching by mortgage brokers, it's hard to deny that most people didn't understand the risk involved in borrowing money they couldn't pay back. If you buy a house with no money down and a negative amortizing loan, you are gambling that you will make more money in the future and/or the price of your home will increase. If you are wrong, you lose your home. That's the gamble. It's like Vegas, except for one thing - the house doesn't win when the customer loses. Everybody loses, except the attorneys who get paid to foreclose.Should the government stop lenders from offering 'risky' loans? The answer, I believe, is emphatically 'NO'. If lenders go too far, they suffer financially. Thus, the market will take care of itself, in that lenders who lose profits will tighten up loan regulations, and Wall Street will downgrade or reject portfolios of risky loans.Before you get too excited by this last paragraph, I do believe that some regulation is appropriate to protect the consumers and shareholders from getting duped in the process. Additional disclosures to both homeowners and Wall Street investors are appropriate considering the large number of defaulting subprime loans. However, if people want to borrow money under risky terms and lenders want to lend under a high risk of loss, why should the government stop them? Pawn shops, check-cashing stores and used car lots all operate on a high-level of risk.Step Up Enforcement of Existing LawsInstead of stopping the business, I believe the government should throw money at enforcement. Prosecute the bad people and leave the options open for people who want to do business under their own terms. There are enough existing laws that give the state and federal prosecutors plenty of room to go after bad operators, and many of them already have.The government can put bandaids on it, but only the market can solve it the foreclosure problem. When demand exceeds supply in a given market, prices will go back up, and people will have enough equity to sell their homes. Somehow, I don't imagine people will learn their lesson and, thus will continue the same cycle in the future. But, most Americans believe it is not the government's job to stop people from willingly doing stupid things.When it comes to your financial decisions, be responsible, read the fine print, and remember... "buyer beware".Click Here for more info for Foreclosure Problem Written exclusively for Legalwiz.com by Attorney William Bronchick, Certified Registered Nationally-known attorney, Author, Entrepreneur and Speaker.

crisis management in start ups

2008-12-12T19:28:00.000-08:00

Surviving a crisis, more often than not, provides a chance for a total turn-around and a new direction for your business. But managing a crisis is not an easy task as it entails a lot of things to be done on multiple fronts for sure-fire results, albeit in a very short period."Companies, whether big or small, are judged more by what they do wrong than what they do right," claims Cindy Railing, a PR consultant from California. Your business is going to suffer if the situation at hand is not properly handled. Crisis management means immediately blocking the holes in the dam which if left unattended, even though for a short time, would cause major damage.Common Causes Of Crises In Start-UpsAwareness of causes which could lead to unmanageable crises beforehand could help avoid the onset of one. But missing the signals will land you in troubles every time. The common causes for crises in start-ups are listed here.1. Lack Of Planning And Failure To Follow One: Although small businesses are supported by the SBA and other agencies, many lack a proper contingency plan. Broadly speaking, many contingency plans do not make provisions for impending disaster. What is worse, anticipated risk profiles are not in place from the beginning.2. Lack Of Financial Discipline: Most start-up small business owners use their business and personal bank accounts interchangeably. Procrastinating on the part of receivables and payables increases your interest burden, which pushes your business towards a crisis.3. Unforeseen Problems: Sudden cancellation of order/s or decline in product demand for unforeseen reasons (also a failure to plan for this).4. Obsolescence And Irrelevance: Your product loses relevance because of obsolescence of technology or due to the arrival of a replacement. This includes loss of relevance due to market erosion, as in the case of outsourcing to third world countries.5. Acts Of God And Changes In Laws: Hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, floods and war can wreak havoc on your business, as can changes in laws which don't favor your current line of business.Tiding over the CrisisLet's take a couple of representative cases of crises to examine how the businesses can survive through them.Crisis due to fire hazard:1. Make sure there is no loss of life2. Report the fire and any associated losses to your creditors, clients, insurance company and banks3. Get losses estimated; if necessary, get help from professionals4. Evaluate the possibility of early commencement of operations and if possible, begin operations even if on a small scale or in a makeshift/temporary office.5. Try to reschedule credit repayment and delivery of goods or services by explaining your situation to your creditors and clients. It is very important to preserve your credit rating if at all possible.6. Take the advice of your attorney. Explore any government grant possibilities.7. Plan ahead and stick to the plan in every respect.All Other Crises:Finance side:1. Negotiate with creditors, banks and clients professionally to reschedule repayment so that your business credit rating is not harmed2. Try to refinance your loans, try second mortgaging or using a collateral loan. Go for a long repayment term if the loss was huge.3. Try unsecured loans (they have high interest rates, of course) as the likelihood of collateral requirements is less as you would have attached them to the first loan.Production side:4. Ask your staff to stand by you during the time of crisis. Motivate and take them into confidence.5. Analyze what went wrong. You don't want to face bankruptcy or risk your good credit. Be brave and don't waver if you have to make the difficult decision to reduce staff6. Make short term and long term plans and abide by them7. Try and regain your creditors' confidence and don't change suppliers at this stage.

introduction-to-wireless-hacking-5

2008-12-12T19:14:00.000-08:00

To Protect, You Must InspectAfter you get everything prepared, it’s time to roll up your sleeves and getyour hands dirty by performing various ethical hacks against your wirelessnetwork. There are dozens of security tests you can run to see just how vulnerableyour wireless systems are to attack The outcomesof these tests will show you what security holes can — or cannot —be fixed to make your wireless network more secure. Not to worry, we won’tleave you hanging with a bunch of vulnerabilities to fix. We’ll outline variouscountermeasures you can use to fix the weaknesses you find.In the next few sections, we outline the various types of security attacks toestablish the basis for the vulnerability tests you’ll be running against yourwireless network.Non-technical attacksThese types of attacks exploit various human weaknesses, such as lack ofawareness, carelessness, and being too trusting of strangers. There are alsophysical vulnerabilities that can give an attacker a leg up on firsthand accessto your wireless devices. These are often the easiest types of vulnerabilitiesto take advantage of — and they can even happen to you if you’re not careful.These attacks include- Breaking into wireless devices that users installed on their own and leftunsecured- Social engineering attacks whereby a hacker poses as someone else andcoaxes users into giving out too much information about your network- Physically accessing APs, antennae, and other wireless infrastructureequipment to reconfigure it — or (worse) capture data off itNetwork attacksWhen it comes to the nitty-gritty bits and bytes, there are a lot of techniquesthe bad guys can use to break inside your wireless realm or at least leave itlimping along in a nonworking state. Network-based attacks include- Installing rogue wireless APs and “tricking” wireless clients into connecting to them- Capturing data off the network from a distance by walking around, driving by, or flying overhead- Attacking the networking transactions by spoofing MAC addresses (masquerading as a legitimate wireless user), setting up man-in-the-middle (inserting a wireless system between an AP and wireless client) attacks, and more- Exploiting network protocols such as SNMP- Performing denial-of-service (DoS) attacks- Jamming RF signalsSoftware attacksAs if the security problems with the 802.11 protocol weren’t enough, we nowhave to worry about the operating systems and applications on wireless-clientmachines being vulnerable to attack. Here are some examples of softwareattacks:- Hacking the operating system and other applications on wireless-client machines- Breaking in via default settings such as passwords and SSIDs that are easily determined- Cracking WEP keys and tapping into the network’s encryption system- Gaining access by exploiting weak network-authentication systemsTaken from:Hacking Wireless Networks For Dummies®Published byWiley Publishing, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030-5774www.wiley.com

introduction-to-wireless-hacking-4

2008-12-12T19:06:00.000-08:00

Wireless-network complexitiesIn addition to the various security vulnerabilities we mentioned above, oneof the biggest obstacles to secure wireless networks is their complexity. It’snot enough to just install a firewall, set strong passwords, and have detailedaccess control settings. No, wireless networks are a completely differentbeast than their wired counterparts. These days, a plain old AP and wirelessnetwork interface card (NIC) might not seem too complex, but there’s a lotgoing on behind the scenes.The big issues revolve around the 802.11 protocol. This protocol doesn’t justsend and receive information with minimal management overhead (as does,say, plain old Ethernet). Rather, 802.11 is highly complex — it not only has tosend and receive radio frequency (RF) signals that carry packets of networkdata, it also has to perform a raft of other functions such as- Timing message packets to ensure client synchronization and help avoid data-transmission collisions- Authenticating clients to make sure only authorized personnel connect to the network- Encrypting data to enhance data privacy- Checking data integrity to ensure that the data remains uncorrupted or unmodifiedFor a lot of great information on wireless-network fundamentals, check outthe book that Peter co-authored — Wireless Networks For Dummies.In addition to 802.11-protocol issues, there are also complexities associatedwith wireless-network design. Try these on for size:- Placement of APs relative to existing network infrastructure devices, such as routers, firewalls, and switches- What type of antennae to use and where to locate them- How to adjust signal-power settings to prevent RF signals from leaking outside your building- Keeping track of your wireless devices — such as APs, laptops, and personaldigital assistants (PDAs)- Knowing which device types are allowed on your network and which ones don’t belongThese wireless-network complexities can lead to a multitude of securityweaknesses that simply aren’t present in traditional wired networks.Getting Your Ducks in a RowBefore going down the ethical-hacking road, it’s critical that you plan everythingin advance. This includes:- Obtaining permission to perform your tests from your boss, project sponsor, or client- Outlining your testing goals- Deciding what tests to run- Grasping the ethical-hacking methodology (what tests to run, what to look for, how to follow-up, etc.) before you carry out your testsAll the up-front work and formal steps to follow may seem like a lot of hassleat first. However, we believe that if you’re going to go to all the effort to performethical hacking on your wireless network as a true IT professional, do itright the first time around. It’s the only way to go.The law of sowing and reaping applies to the ethical-hacking planning phase.The more time and effort you put in up front, the more it pays off in the longrun — you’ll be better prepared, have the means to perform a more thoroughwireless-security assessment, and (odds are) you’ll end up with a moresecure wireless network.Planning everything in advance saves you a ton of time and work in the longterm;you won’t regret it. Your boss or your client will be impressed to boot!Gathering the Right ToolsEvery job requires the right tools. Selecting and preparing the proper securitytesting tools is a critical component of the ethical-hacking process. Ifyou’re not prepared, you’ll most likely spin your wheels and not get thedesired results.Just because a wireless hacking tool is designed to perform a certain test,that doesn’t mean it will. You may have to tweak your settings or findanother tool altogether. Also keep in mind that you sometimes have to takethe output of your tools with a grain of salt. There’s always the potentialfor false positives (showing there’s a vulnerability when there’s not) and evenfalse negatives (showing there’s no vulnerability when there is).The following tools are some of our favorites for testing wireless networksand are essential for performing wireless hacking tests:- Google — yep, this Web site is a great tool- Laptop computer- Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver- Network Stumbler network stumbling software- AiroPeek network-analysis software- QualysGuard vulnerability-assessment software- WEPcrack encryption cracking softwareYou can’t do without good security-testing tools, but no one of them is “the”silver bullet for finding and killing off all your wireless network’s vulnerabilities.A trained eye and a good mix of tools is the best combination for findingthe greatest number of weaknesses in your systems.It’s critical that you understand how to use your various tools for the specifictests you’ll be running. This may include something as informal as playingaround with the tools or something as formal as taking a training class. Don’tworry, we’ll show you how to work the basics when we walk you through specifictests in Chapters 5 through 16.

introduction-to-wireless-hacking-part-3

2008-12-12T18:58:00.003-08:00

Understanding the enemyThe wireless network’s inherent vulnerabilities, in and of themselves, aren’tnecessarily bad. The true problem lies with all the malicious hackers outthere just waiting to exploit these vulnerabilities and make your job — andlife — more difficult. In order to better protect your systems, it helps tounderstand what you’re up against — in effect, to think like a hacker. Althoughit may be impossible to achieve the same malicious mindset as the cyberpunks,you can at least see where they’re coming from technically and howthey work.For starters, hackers are likely to attack systems that require the leastamount of effort to break into. A prime target is an organization that has justone or two wireless APs. Our findings show that these smaller wireless networkshelp stack the odds in the hackers’ favor, for several reasons:- Smaller organizations are less likely to have a full-time network administrator keeping tabs on things.- Small networks are also more likely to leave the default settings on theirwireless devices unchanged, making them easier to crack into.- Smaller networks are less likely to have any type of network monitoring, in-depth security controls such as WPA or WPA2, or a wireless intrusiondetection system (WIDS). These are exactly the sorts of things that smart hackers take into consideration.However, small networks aren’t the only vulnerable ones. There are variousother weaknesses hackers can exploit in networks of all sizes, such as thefollowing:- The larger the wireless network, the easier it may be to crack Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption keys. This is because larger networks likely receive more traffic, and an increased volume of packets to be captured thus leads to quicker WEP cracking times.- Most network administrators don’t have the time or interest in monitoring their networks for malicious behavior.- Network snooping will be easier if there’s a good place such as a crowded parking lot or deck to park and work without attracting attention.- Most organizations use the omnidirectional antennae that come standard on APs — without even thinking about how these spread RF signals around outside the building.- Because wireless networks are often an extension of a wired network, where there’s an AP, there’s likely a wired network behind it. Given this, there are often just as many treasures as the wireless network, if not more.- Many organizations attempt to secure their wireless networks with routine security measures — say, disabling service-set-identifier (SSID) broadcasts (which basically broadcasts the name of the wireless network to any wireless device in range) and enabling media-access control (MAC) address filtering (which can limit the wireless hosts that can attach to your network) — without knowing that these controls are easily circumvented.- SSIDs are often set to obvious company or department names that can give the intruders an idea which systems to attack first.Throughout this book, we point out ways the bad guys work when they’recarrying out specific hacks. The more cognizant you are of the hacker mindset,the deeper and broader your security testing will be — which leads toincreased wireless security.Many hackers don’t necessarily want to steal your information or crash yoursystems. They often just want to prove to themselves and their buddies thatthey can break in. This likely creates a warm fuzzy feeling that makes them feellike they’re contributing to society somehow. On the other hand, sometimesthey attack simply to get under the administrator’s skin. Sometimes they areseeking revenge. Hackers may want to use a system so they can attack otherpeople’s networks under disguise. Or maybe they’re bored, and just want tosee what information is flying through the airwaves, there for the taking.The “high-end” uberhackers go where the money is — literally. These are theguys who break into online banks, e-commerce sites, and internal corporatedatabases for financial gain. What better way to break into these systems thanthrough a vulnerable wireless network, making the real culprit harder to trace?One AP or vulnerable wireless client is all it takes to get the ball rolling.Whatever the reasons are behind all of these hacker shenanigans,the fact is that your network, your information,and (heaven forbid) your job are at risk.There’s no such thing as absolute security on any network — wireless or not.It’s basically impossible to be completely proactive in securing your systemssince you cannot defend against an attack that hasn’t already happened.Although you may not be able to prevent every type of attack, you can prepare,prepare, and prepare some more — to deal with attacks more effectivelyand minimize losses when they do occur.Information security is like an arms race — the attacks and countermeasuresare always one-upping each other. The good thing is that for every new attack,there will likely be a new defense developed. It’s just a matter of timing. Eventhough we’ll never be able to put an end to the predatory behavior of unethicalcyber thugs, it’s comforting to know that there are just as many ethicalsecurity professionals working hard every day to combat the threats.Taken from:Hacking Wireless Networks For Dummies®Published byWiley Publishing, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030-5774www.wiley.com

introduction-to-wireless-hacking-part-3

2008-12-12T18:58:00.001-08:00

introduction-to-wireless-hacking-part-2

2008-12-12T18:52:00.000-08:00

Why You Need to TestYour Wireless SystemsWireless networks have been notoriously insecure since the early days ofthe 802.11b standard of the late 1990s. Since the standard’s inception, major802.11 weaknesses, such as physical security weaknesses, encryption flaws,and authentication problems, have been discovered. Wireless attacks havebeen on the rise ever since. The problem has gotten so bad that two wirelesssecurity standards have emerged to help fight back at the attackers:- Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA): This standard, which was developed bythe Wi-Fi Alliance, served as an interim fix to the well-known WEP vulnerabilitiesuntil the IEEE came out with the 802.11i standard.- IEEE 802.11i (referred to as WPA2): This is the official IEEE standard,which incorporates the WPA fixes for WEP along with other encryptionand authentication mechanisms to further secure wireless networks.These standards have resolved many known security vulnerabilities of the802.11a/b/g protocols. As with most security standards, the problem with thesewireless security solutions is not that the solutions don’t work — it’s that manynetwork administrators are resistant to change and don’t fully implement them.Many administrators don’t want to reconfigure their existing wireless systemsand don’t want to have to implement new security mechanisms for fear ofmaking their networks more difficult to manage. These are legitimate concerns,but they leave many wireless networks vulnerable and waiting to becompromised.Even after you have implemented WPA, WPA2, and the various other wirelessprotection techniques described in this book, your network may still be atrisk. This can happen when (for example) employees install unsecured wirelessaccess points or gateways on your network without you knowing aboutit. In our experience — even with all the wireless security standards andvendor solutions available — the majority of systems are still wide open toattack. Bottom line: Ethical hacking isn’t a do-it-once-and-forget-it measure.It’s like an antivirus upgrade — you have to do it again from time to time.Knowing the dangers your systems faceBefore we get too deep into the ethical-hacking process, it will help to definea couple of terms that we’ll be using throughout this book. They are as follows:- Threat: A threat is an indication of intent to cause disruption within aninformation system. Some examples of threat agents are hackers, disgruntledemployees, and malicious software (malware) such as virusesor spyware that can wreak havoc on a wireless network.- Vulnerability: A vulnerability is a weakness within an informationsystem that can be exploited by a threat. Some examples are wirelessnetworks not using encryption, weak passwords on wireless accesspoints or APs (which is the central hub for a set of wireless computers),and an AP sending wireless signals outside the building. Wireless-networkvulnerabilities are what we’ll be seeking out in this book.Beyond these basics, quite a few things can happen when a threat actuallyexploits the vulnerabilities of a various wireless network. This situation iscalled risk. Even when you think there’s nothing going across your wireless network that a hacker would want — or you figure the likelihood of somethingbad happening is very low — there’s still ample opportunity for trouble.Risks associated with vulnerable wireless networks include- Full access to files being transmitted or even sitting on the server- Stolen passwords- Intercepted e-mails- Back-door entry points into your wired network- Denial-of-service attacks causing downtime and productivity losses- Violations of state, federal, or international laws and regulations relating to privacy, corporate financial reporting, and more- “Zombies” — A hacker using your system to attack other networks making you look like the bad guy- Spamming — A spammer using your e-mail server or workstations to send out spam, spyware, viruses, and other nonsense e-mailsWe could go on and on, but you get the idea. The risks on wireless networksare not much different from those on wired ones. Wireless risks just have agreater likelihood of occurring — that’s because wireless networks normallyhave a larger number of vulnerabilities.The really bad thing about all this is that without the right equipment andvigilant network monitoring, it can be impossible to detect someone hackingyour airwaves — even from a couple of miles away! Wireless-network compromisescan include a nosy neighbor using a frequency scanner to listen inon your cordless phone conversations — or nosy co-workers overhearingprivate boardroom conversations. Without the physical layer of protectionwe’ve grown so accustomed to with our wired networks, anything is possible.

introduction-to-wireless-hacking-part-1

2008-12-12T18:41:00.000-08:00

In This Chapter1. Understanding the need to test your wireless systems2. Wireless vulnerabilities3. Thinking like a hacker4. Preparing for your ethical hacks5. Important security tests to carry out6. What to do when you’re done testingWireless local-area networks — often referred to as WLANs or Wi-Finetworks — are all the rage these days. People are installing them intheir offices, hotels, coffee shops, and homes. Seeking to fulfill the wirelessdemands, Wi-Fi product vendors and service providers are popping up justabout as fast as the dot-coms of the late 1990s. Wireless networks offer convenience,mobility, and can even be less expensive to implement than wirednetworks in many cases. Given the consumer demand, vendor solutions, andindustry standards, wireless-network technology is real and is here to stay.But how safe is this technology?Wireless networks are based on the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 set of standards for WLANs. In case you’ve ever wondered,the IEEE 802 standards got their name from the year and month thisgroup was formed — February 1980. The “.11” that refers to the wireless LANworking group is simply a subset of the 802 group. There’s a whole slew ofindustry groups involved with wireless networking, but the two main playersare the IEEE 802.11 working group and the Wi-Fi Alliance.Years ago, wireless networks were only a niche technology used for very specializedapplications. These days, Wi-Fi systems have created a multibilliondollarmarket and are being used in practically every industry — and in everysize organization from small architectural firms to the local zoo. But with thisincreased exposure comes increased risk: The widespread use of wireless systemshas helped make them a bigger target than the IEEE ever bargained for.(Some widely publicized flaws such as the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)weaknesses in the 802.11 wireless-network protocol haven’t helped things,either.) And, as Microsoft has demonstrated, the bigger and more popular youare, the more attacks you’re going to receive.With the convenience, cost savings, and productivity gains of wireless networkscome a whole slew of security risks. These aren’t the common securityissues, such as spyware, weak passwords, and missing patches. Those weaknessesstill exist; however, networking without wires introduces a whole newset of vulnerabilities from an entirely different perspective.This brings us to the concept of ethical hacking. Ethical hacking — sometimesreferred to as white-hat hacking — means the use of hacking to test and improvedefenses against unethical hackers. It’s often compared to penetration testingand vulnerability testing, but it goes even deeper. Ethical hacking involvesusing the same tools and techniques the bad guys use, but it also involvesextensive up-front planning, a group of specific tools, complex testing methodologies,and sufficient follow-up to fix any problems before the bad guys — theblack- and gray-hat hackers — find and exploit them.Understanding the various threats and vulnerabilities associated with 802.11-based wireless networks — and ethically hacking them to make them moresecure — is what this book is all about. Please join in on the fun.In this chapter, we’ll take a look at common threats and vulnerabilities associatedwith wireless networks. We’ll also introduce you to some essential wirelesssecurity tools and tests you should run in order to strengthen your airwaves.

save on travel insurance

2008-12-11T08:43:00.000-08:00

As life expectancy increases, so has the age at which 'life begins' – with many people supporting the idea that 'life begins at 50'. Unfortunately, travel insurance companies disagree. Or at least that is how it seems, considering how rapidly premiums rocket for those who are 50 or over. And as for those who are over 70, many "are shocked to find travel insurers unwilling to provide cover at prices they can afford", says Kara Gammell in The Daily Telegraph. So how do you find affordable travel insurance that won't leave you high and dry if you fall ill on holiday?

Consumers need to think of travel insurance as something they should tailor to their own needs, rather than an off-the-shelf product, says The Daily Telegraph. So one of the simplest ways of reducing the premium is to look carefully at the levelof cover you are being offered and then decide whether you actually need it all within the policy. For example, if you are travelling to Europe, opt for European cover rather than worldwide cover, as the latter includes America, where litigation and medical costs can push up the cost of cover. Also, consider covering personal possessions under your home insurance – and, as always, shop around for the best deal.

Buy A Franchise Business

2008-12-11T08:41:00.000-08:00

Provides a list of some the major advantages that buying a franchise can offer individuals who want to become a successful small business owner.

As a franchise sales consultant and Business Broker one of the most frequent questions I receive from individuals who are considering becoming a business owner is why should I buy a franchise versus starting a new business from scratch. My answer is that franchising can generally offer a number of distinct advantages to individuals who want to start and run their own business including the minimization of risk, comprehensive training & support, marketing assistance, a proven business model, and more. Overall the advantages of buying a franchise can generally offer an individual a greater chance of becoming a successful small business owner.

FDIC may exclude shortest-term loans from insurance plan: report

2008-12-11T07:39:00.000-08:00

Nov 21 (Reuters) - Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC) staffers are likely to recommend exclusion of the shortest-term loans from a $1.4 trillion debt-insurance program, Bloomberg reported, citing a person briefed on the plan.

The exclusion of loans that mature in 30 days or less, which would encompass overnight interbank loans at the rate targeted by the U.S. Federal Reserve, would help the Fed avoid further unpredictable swings in the country's main interest rate, the news agency reported.

FDIC Chairman Sheila Bair and other board members are scheduled to vote on Friday on regulations governing the plan, it said.

The Fed has failed for two months to keep the federal funds rate close to the target set by policy makers because of more than $1 trillion of loans flooding the banking system, the report said.

The original FDIC proposal required fees to insure debt, spurring complaints that it would lead to an exodus from the $250 billion market for overnight loans between banks, it said.

Companies including JPMorgan Chase & Co (JPM.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) and Bank of America Corp (BAC.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) said the original proposal threatened to make the overnight federal funds market too costly compared with alternatives such as direct loans from the Fed, the report said.

Taken from :http://www.reuters.com

Insurance Indonesia

2008-11-28T18:47:00.000-08:00

When the financial crisis culminate this month, world stock markets anjlok and several global financial institutions go bankrupt, Indonesia's financial industry is not sterile from the shock. Then appears a question, whether the insurance industry in Indonesia are good?

The answer: Yes. Insurance industry did not pooh-pooh the crisis, but not panic about the situation even worse. Because of that, insurance companies in the country, shock-resistant, even in the worst situations, such as the monetary crisis of 1998.

These accounts of the Bureau Chief Perasuransian Bapepam-LK Jesus Rachmatarwata, gonjang-ganjing in the capital market in some time last no significant impact on the decrease in the risk based capital (RBC) because of portfolio investment in shares of low only 5% -7%. RBC is the most important indicator in measuring the solvency of insurance companies.

"We have yet to see a decrease in the extraordinary. Currently, the placement of major investment in life insurance stocks are not too large, its impact on the RBC is not too significant, but some are decreasing, "said Jesus.

RBC still with the firm, means the ability to guarantee insurance policy is also high. So, for the policyholders, both for insurance losses and soul, I need a global financial crisis indefinite berimbas will be bad for the future of their investment.

Of course, precautions should still maintained. Would that, if the policyholder continue to monitor the development of information and reluctant to request an explanation for the accuracy of the data from the investment they have to cultivate and protect the trust has been in the insurance company.

How to invest in insurance companies of the country's debt (SUN), which decreased in value? According to Jesus, Protected enough insurance rules that allow insurance companies as a SUN-owned securities to maturity. "Therefore, in fact Valuation Valuation companiesare more stable."

With the situation such as this appears bright point for the policyholder does not need to panic in the face of the situation. Of course, insurance companies also do not stay silent in the risk of investment.

Another no less importance is the need for understanding the policyholders berasuransi that it must berhorison long term.

Incidents that moment, when the madcap take, for example, with the funds, with their only loss. Of course, is very naive to say ripple-crisis will not sign up to the Indonesian economy. Really, trading shares in the Indonesian Stock Exchange was closed for three days and the bank began searching for sources of liquidity difficulties.

However, the government has also bahumembahu minimize the impact of various regulations to strengthen market confidence. In crisis conditions, the coordination of all parties is absolutely necessary. The result, once opened Monday last week, Indonesia's stock market moving back positive. The community also do not panic, so do not take a step-langah that confuse the situation with the funds in the bank, and withdraw their insurance policy suddenly.

Throughout the week Joint Stock Price Index rose slowly. The government's decision to raise the value of underwriting 20 kalilipat to Rp2 billion, is also very positive for the insurance industry. This step means that the company lessen the risk of investment in the insurance deposits. Why is the development of financial markets so crucial in the insurance industry?

This is not casual insurance products have been developed in such a way, particularly for life insurance. Insurance Sintesa yield between investment protection as well. Furthermore, we know what is called unit-linked, a service that combination with protection of investment with certain underlying assets such as stocks, money markets, bonds, to products such as banking deposits. Knowing more closely the development of financial markets will be very useful for this industry to continue to exist. At the same time, this will encourage more policyholders to identify risk. In terms of investment known high risk high return, the higher the risk the higher the potential yield that can be achieved.

Of course, this has fully realize. For the insurance industry, the development has advanced to give hope to contemplate a better future. First to see if public awareness of Indonesia to protect their lives and physical assets they continue to grow over time. When that very data, at least now has a population of 7 million life insurance policy. At the same time, insurance companies are also increasingly creative products according to customer needs. Insurance companies and policyholders, has been bersimbiosis such a way and establish ties of mutual benefit in all situations

Isurance

2008-11-28T18:33:00.000-08:00

Sharia is very different to conventional insurance, as is done in conventional insurance practices underway in Islam, including:

1. Uncertainty (gharar) on the rights of policyholders (participants) and the source of funds used to cover claims from the participants.

2. Gambling (maysir) is possible because there are parties who benefit from the losses of others.

3. Aba is the income earned from interest-mem-going investment funds provided.

Sharia (Takaful), known in the mutual bear the risk among people, so with one another to be in charge of the risk the other. All this is done on the basis of mutual help in the goodness of each issue of funds / donations / charity (tabarru '), which agreed to bear the risk value is. In accordance with the word of Allah SWT "And please, you menolonglah in (the) good and piety, and not mutual menolonglah you in sin and abuse" (QS Al-Maidah [5]: 2)

There are seven principles that distinguish sharia with conventional insurance, namely:

1. The existence of Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS), who oversees the products, and products marketed in the management of investment funds. DPS found in the sharia but not in the conventional insurance.

2. The contract will be implemented. Scholars who conducted based on sharia principles of mutual help (Takaful), whereas in conventional insurance based on the sale and purchase contract (tadabbuli).

3. Principles calculation of investment funds. In the sharia, the basic calculation of investment funds based on the principles for the results (mudharabah). In conventional insurance, the basic calculation of investment funds based on usury.

4. Ownership of the funds. In the sharia investment funds accrued from the participants (premium) is fully owned by the participants while the insurance company is only as a trustee or fund manager (mudharib). In conventional insurance, investment funds are collected from the participants (premium) to be owned by the company, so the company free use of determining the allocation of investment funds.

5. Payment of claims. Payment of claims made by the sharia is taken from the account tabarru '(welfare funds) all the participants. Since the initial save investment funds, participants are asked keikhlasannya that there will be elimination of funds will be used to help the other if subjected. Meanwhile, the insurance payment claims convensional taken from funds owned by the company.

6. The advantages of insurance companies. In the sharia, the profits obtained by companies from the investment fund participants will be divided between the companies with participants in accordance with the principles for the results, with a proportion that has been agreed at the beginning. Meanwhile, in the conventional insurance benefits obtained by the company to become fully owned by the company.

7. Chance of funds that charred. In the sharia does not recognize the existence of funds that although the charred state insurance participants will resign because of something and other things. Funds that have been disetorkan still can be taken unless the funds since the beginning has been diikhlaskan into account tabarru '(welfare fund). Meanwhile, in the conventional insurance funds known of the charred if participants can not continue the payment of premium and want to resign before the maturity period (reserving period).

Comparison between the Hub and Switch

2008-11-13T19:10:00.000-08:00

Although the same components used in the same network, the hub and switches have some differences that light, namely:

Hub : Hub is usually used in the system, which is usually a small network at the beginner level. Hub cost is usually cheaper than switches, but also only able to provide Throughput is lower than the switch.
Switch: Used in the application of data-intensive, large bandwidth, such as backups, video editing, and document scanning. Because of the point of data management capabilities redundan and more, switches used in the environment of large amounts of data that must be continuously available.

In addition, the creation of Storage Area Network (SAN) is recommended to use switches, not a hub. Some advantages using switch SAN environment is:

• Failover Capabilities: If one switch fails in an environment braided switch, switch, the other is still operational. Unlike the Hub if a failure occurs, then the whole system will fail.
• Increased Manageability: Switch supports standard Fiber Channel Switch (FC-SW), that allows independent from the location of the subsystems in the braided fiber, and provide better insulation to tolerate failure, which ultimately increase the availability of infrastructure. FC-SW also allows the host to identify the subsystems that are connected to the switch.
• Superior Performance: Switch to facilitate "multiple-transmission of data flow, where in each of braided fiber connection can maintain a fixed truput simultaneously 100 Mbps. Hub only able to provide only one data stream with a total truput 100Mbps.
• Scalability: Interconnection between switch allows thousands of interconnection without having to fear the degradation of bandwidth. A hub will be limited to 126 in the interconnection equipment.
• Availability: Switch supports the addition of the subsystems (servers and storage media) without the need to re-initialize or shutdown. In the Loop Hub required initialization (LIP) to obtain the address of each subsystem changes in the loop. LIP usually requires about 0.5 seconds and enough to make the process lost the backup tape.

Switch

2008-11-13T19:05:00.000-08:00

Switch or better known by the term LAN switches is the expansion of the concept of the bridge. There are two basic architecture used in the switches, namely the cut-through and store-and-forward.

Cut-through switches have advantages in hand speed because when a package arrived, switches only consider the destination address before forwarded to the destination segment. While the switch store-and-forward is the reverse of the cut-through switch. Switch to receive and analyze the entire contents of the package before forward to the goal and to check a package requires time, but it is possible to switch due to damage to the package and preventing it from the network.
With the switch there is some advantage because each network segment has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps, is not divided as in the "shared network." Thus, the data transfer rate is higher. The network formed from a number of inter-related switches called "collapsed backbone."
Currently, companies generally choose the 10 Mbps Ethernet network in the segment-segment Fast Ethernet and 100 Mbps for connection to the server. Usually merka use 10/100 switch that usually has some 10 Mbps port for connection to the client computer and 1 port 100 Mbps for connection to the server or computer that is considered as a server.

HUB

2008-11-13T19:00:00.000-08:00

HUB or Concentrator

In a simple HUB can be said of a device that has a lot of ports that will connect some point or node that form a network in star topology. In the public network and a simple one port to the HUB to the computer server. While other ports used to connect the client computer or workstation that already has the NIC to establish a network.
If the development will be done HUB can also be connected to the HUB in the next up-link. This occurs when the HUB ports have used only 16 ports plus 1 port for the server or other hub. So that the network is required to add additional HUB.
In terms of the management of HUB, which is currently circulating in the market there are two types, namely manageable and unmanageable HUB HUB. Manageable is HUB HUB that can be managed or in-manage the software underneath. Meanwhile unmana-geable HUB how management is done manually.
Please note that the HUB only allows the user or users to share (share) the same point. HUB Group, which formed a network called "Shared Ethernet." In such networks, each user will only get the speed of the network bandwidth available. Whether the network is used and 10 Mbps Ethernet network is connected to the 20 units of computers all use the Windows 95/98 operating system, it is simple if all computers connected to the network simultaneously send data, the average bandwidth that can be used by each the user is only 0.5 Mbps.
In the network using a bus topology, there is also a similar device similar name HUB Repeater (repeater). Appropriate name, Repeater work to strengthen the signal so that data traffic from client to server or vice versa more quickly when the distance between the client to a server or workstation further. Repeater with this network and the signal will be stronger. Even if the cable used type of coaxial, the network will be faster.

Conclusion

2008-11-11T05:09:00.000-08:00

Routing is the process where an item can be up to the goal from one location to another. To me, routing, a router must know the destination address, address of origin / source, which may be the beginning of the route, and the path / best point. Information routing is the router to learn, both static and dynamic, then the information is placed in the routing table.
In general coordination mechanism routing can be divided into two categories: static routing and dynamic routing. In static routing, entries in the router forwarding table filled and removed manually, while the dynamic changes in the routing is done through routing protocols. Static routing is the most simple routing that can be done on the computer network. Using pure static routing in a network means to fill every entry in the forwarding table at each router in the network.
The use of static routing in a small network that is not necessarily a problem; only a few entries required in the forwarding table at each router. But you can certainly imagine how if you need to complete the forwarding table at each router that amount is not small in a large network. Moreover, if you are assigned to fill the entries in all the routers on the Internet, which many in number and continue to grow every day. Of course, once occupied!
Dynamic routing is the way that used to frustrate the obligation to fill entry-forwarding table entries manually. Routing protocol set the router-router that can communicate with each other and give each other routing information that can change the contents of a forwarding table, depending on the state network. In this way, the router-router know the circumstances of the last network and is able to continue datagram to the correct direction.
The default routing is used to send the packages manually add a network router to a remote destination that is not in the routing table, to the next hop router. Usually used on the network I have only one exit point.

Routing Protocol

2008-11-11T04:59:00.000-08:00

There are three classes of routing protocol

Distance vector: Protocol distance-vector find the best path to a remote network with a distance rate. Route with a distance of at least hop to the network that it's correct, will, to be the best route. Both RIP and IGRP is the routing protocol type of distance-vector. RIP and IGRP send all the routing table to the router, the router is connected to the LAN.

Link State: Or, also called protocol shortest-path-first, each side will create three separate table. One of the table this will change from the network which is connected directly, one other table determine the overall topology of Internetworking, and the last table is used as a routing table. OSPF is an IP routing protocol, which is fully state-links. Link-state protocol to send updates that contain the status of their own links to all other routers in the network.

Hybrid: Hybrid Protocol using aspects of the routing protocol type of distance-vector routing protocol and the type of link-state - as an example is EIGRP.

Routing Protocol Type-distance Vector
Routing algorithm distance-vector routing tables send the contents of my full router to router neighbors, I then combine the entries in the routing table that is accepted by the routing tables that they have, to complete the routing table of the router.

1. RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routing tables send the complete interface to all active every 30 seconds. Also use only the amount of hop to determine the best way to a remote network, but RIP by default have a maximum value of the number of licensed hop, which is 15, does not mean value of 16 affordable (unreachable). Also works well in small network, RIP, but not efficient on large networks with WAN link or network routers that use a lot. RIP v1 use clasfull routing, which means that all the equipment in the network must menggunkan the same subnet mask. This is because RIP v1 does not send updates to the information in the subnet mask. RIP V2 provides something called a routing prefix, and can send information subnet mask together with updates from the route. This is called Classless routing

2. IGRP
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a routing protocols vector-type of physician-owned cisco (cisco-proprietary). This means that all the routers, you must be cisco router to use IGRP . IGRP has the maximum number of hop as many as 255, with the default 100. This lack of help in the RIP.

3. EIGRP
Enhance Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a routing protocol
distance-vector property cisco (cisco-proprietary) that have been improved, which gives an advantage compared to IGRP. Both use the concept of an Autonomous system for the collection from the router, the router is contiguous (berentetan, the sides) that run the same routing protocols and routing information sharing. But EIGRP enter the subnet mask into the update its route. Allowing us to use VLSM and do summarization. EIGRP has a maximum hop number of 255. EIGRP following features that are far better than IGRP

• Support for IP, IPX, AppleTalk and through the modules that are dependent protocol
• Search network neighbors are efficient
• Communication through Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
• Selection of the best routes through Diffusing Update Algorithm (Dual)

Routing Protocol type of link-state

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an open standard by a number of vendor network. If you have a lot of the router, and not all are cisco, you can not use EIGRP, so your choice to live RIP v1, RIP V2, or OSPF. If the network is large, then your choice is only one OSPF or something called a redistribution-route services of a translator inter-routing protocol.
OSPF work with an algorithm called Dijkstra algorithm. The first point off a tree (shortest path tree) will be built, and then routing table will be filled with the best lines from the resultant trees were. OSPF only supports IP routing only.

Administration Distance

2008-11-11T04:47:00.000-08:00

Administrative distance) is used to measure the so-called able-to-be-an from the routing information received by a router from router neighbors. AD is an integer number from 0 to 255, where 0 is the most reliable and 255 will not mean that data traffic will be via this route.
If both the router received two updates on the remote network the same, then the first thing checked by the router is the AD. If one route from the Advertised (announced by the other side) have a lower AD from the other, then the route with the lowest AD will be placed dirouting table.
If the second route of the AD-Advertised have the same, then called the metric of the routing protocol (for example, the number of head of the connection or bandwidth) will be used to find the best path to the remote network. If still equal the second AD and metric, the load-balance (balancing the load).
The following table shows the default AD used by a Cisco router to decide which route will be taken to a remote network

Routing Basics

2008-11-11T04:18:00.000-08:00

Routing Basics

Routing is used to process a package of tools and a network to send through other means by which different network.
If you do not have a network router, then obviously you do not do routing.
To be able to make routing package, there are things that must be known:
• Address destination
• Router-side neighborhood from which a router can learn about the remote network
• Route, which may be the network to all remote
• Best Route for each remote network
Router save the routing table that describes how to find the network-network remote.
The types of routing are:
• Routing static
• Default Routing
• Routing dynamic

Static Routing
Static routing occur if the Admin manually add a route-route in the routing table from each router.
Static routing has the following advantages:
• No overhead (processing time) on the CPU router (the router cheaper compared with the dynamic routeng)
• No bandwidth used between the router.
• Routing static increase security, because the administrator can choose to fill the routing access to specific network.
Routing has a static loss-loss following:
• Administration must truly understand Internetworking and how each is connected to the router can configure the router properly.
• If a network is added to the Internetworking, Administration must add a router-route all manually.
• Routing static not appropriate for the network-network because of the guard will become a full-time job itself.

Default Routing
The default routing is used to send the packages manually add a network router to a remote destination that is not in the routing table, to the next hop router. Usually used on the network I have only one exit point.

Dynamic routing
When dynamic routing is the routing protocol used to find the network and to update the routing tables on the router. And this is easier than using static routing and default, but he will distinguish you in this process in the router's CPU and bandwidth usage of the network link

Is spam permitted on Blogger?

2008-11-03T07:25:00.000-08:00

What Are Spam Blogs?

As with many powerful tools, blogging services can be both used and abused. The ease of creating and updating webpages with Blogger has made it particularly prone to a form of behavior known as link spamming. Blogs engaged in this behavior are called spam blogs, and can be recognized by their irrelevant, repetitive, or nonsensical text, along with a large number of links, usually all pointing to a single site.

Spam blogs cause various problems, beyond simply wasting a few seconds of your time when you happen to come across one. They can clog up search engines, making it difficult to find real content on the subjects that interest you. They may scrape content from other sites on the web, using other people's writing to make it look as though they have useful information of their own. And if an automated system is creating spam posts at an extremely high rate, it can impact the speed and quality of the service for other, legitimate users.

What We're Doing About Spam

Needless to say, we do not approve of spamming here at Blogger. Below are some of the things we've implemented to remove and reduce spam on our service. We will update this list as we continue our efforts.

Automated spam classifying algorithms keep spam blogs out of NextBlog and out of our "Recently Published" list on the dashboard.
The same classifiers are used to require an extra word verification field on the posting form for potential spam blogs. This makes it harder for spammers to set up automated systems to do their posting, since a human needs to complete this step.
The Flag as Objectionable button in the Navbar lets you notify us of problem blogs that you find, so we can review them and take appropriate action.
Report spam here.

Proof Of Bussines Google AdSense

2008-11-03T07:03:00.000-08:00

Proved that the business google adsense is a good business opportunity.
one of them is from the site admin PlentyOfFish.com receive a check from google.com
not less than U.S. $ .1,000,000

PlentyOfFish.com site, is an online dating site, or sites such as friendster.com, where
at this site you can find new friends, or exchange photos, share testimonials, send messages, etc..

The high number of visitors is one of the key to the success of its business adsense.

actually there are many who receive checks in large numbers, but only slightly once the photo display from a check on it.

as in the photo below, from the site admin shoemoney.com that in the month of September 2005 received yesterday from google check of $ 132,994 or if it convert to the rupiah become more than 1 billion rupiah.

This was only he received in 1 month, not next month for the incoming count.
Following the check list of recipients of the program is admin adsense from the site:

friendster.com: online dating sites, site search contacts
rapidshare.de: a site for sharing files such as software, scripts, film, and others.
megaupload.com: a site for sharing files such as software, scripts, film, and others.
who.is: the site to check the owner's name address of the site
iwebtool.com: sites that provide facilities to the webmaster.
tinyurl.com: creator of the site's short url, or the address of a site that can make long into tinyurl.com / 1 (example only)
themore.info: creator of the site's short url, or the address of a site that can make long into tinyurl.com / 1 (example only)
thebestfive.com: the site author, can submit articles, publish your articles, etc..

and many more other sites list the name of the recipient check adsense, which I can not mention one by one.

When we see the owner of the sites above, then there are some similarities that make them successful.
1. Traffic / number of visitors per day is very high, above 10 thousand visitor / day
2. Providing this free, his example and themore.info tinyurl.com site, which provides a free link.
3. Can be used to share a place, such as Rapidshare, megaupload, etc.

The most important key to the success of a website is located from the number of visitors it. when many in the site visit, the business FUNKSTAR, etc. can be made in additional income.

Sites such as their local detik.com, which provides news, can be included in the site's success.

when you ask how many ads installation, you will be surprised to see how expensive to install a small image ads in the site.

I never ask them to the website detik.com, and then send the list price, average, above the tens of million / month only to display image ads on the small site.

I once site detik.com not interested to take business from adsense google.com, and if I were doing it sure can be a sizable infusion of additional large.

If You Do Not Have the Website

2008-11-03T07:02:00.000-08:00

For solutions that you do not have the Website.

If you do not have a website, you can display your adsense ads in www.TheBestFive.com,
With Note: You write articles or articles to contribute to this site, and these articles can be any theme, and must use English as the language.

If your article in the load on this site, the article you, will you adsense ads appear.

How to register:
1. Please refer to www.TheBestFive.com,
2. Click the paper become the author.
3. Adsense and enter your ID, your ID adsense roughly like this: Pub-XXXXXX
4. Write articles.
5. When loaded, then your adsense ads will appear on the site.

Suggestions Parts II

2008-11-03T06:52:00.000-08:00

learn how to present the website / blog is elegant and attract visitors. Fill with a variety of interesting things. Create a target number of visitors who want to achieve each month.

If you are interested in the Google AdSense, you can follow the following steps:

1. Listing on Google AdSense
You can register through the Google AdSense service URL http://www.google.com/adsense

2. Making Website / Blog
Blog is very easy to make, so this is more than I recommend. Blog website also true, only more personal and more simple than the general website. My advice, make a blog on blogspot service / blogger. This service is owned by Google. Can only use free blog service providers other, WordPress, for example. However, free WordPress not support Java Script, which is used for the AdSense code.

This blog can be made only to register a blog. Later, after the registration is received, we can use the AdSense code on the blog's other property.

If you have your own blog or even blog with the domain and hosting your own, there is no problem using your blog. Courtney, supports Java script and is eligible number 2 following:

3. Fill Website / Blog Post with the English Language
Until this is made, Google AdSense not support the Indonesian language. Fill your blog with a posting in English at least 5 posts. For the purposes of registration, use the copy-paste mechanism, of course, consider the conditions of the license on the website / blog that you copy.

Condition number 2, I recommend the blog owner to create a new blog used for the purposes of registration. Later, after the registration is received, code-adsense it can be used on an existing blog. I had declined to 5 times during ngeyel register with the blog in Indonesia :-).

follow the instructions provided. Fill with your data because the data and the email address used for payment.

4. Registration Confirmation wait 2-5 days
Google will give confirmation about the registration, both accepted and rejected in a period of 2 to 5 days. If rejected, repeat the procedure from initial registration. Google usually provides an explanation on the reasons for rejection.

If accepted, you will be given the address to take the adsense code to be installed on the website / blog. How to put adsense code depending on the engine's use. To which I use Serendipity, the plugin is available that is ready to use. Some blog engine also has a plugin that facilitates the installation adsense code. WordPress for example.

5. Make Improvement
Once the code is used adsense, do Improvement on the blog. Learn how to integrate Google AdSense with the layout that you use. To do creative blog visitors increased.

Suggestions Parts I

2008-11-03T06:47:00.000-08:00

Here are some of my suggestions to the bloggers who are interested in the Google AdSense:

1. Do not think turgid

Many people who joined Google AdSense-called normal-and Publisher AdSense thinking can get a monthly salary in large amounts. This makes them tend to take a shortcut to do things that violate the TOS (Terms of Service) Google AdSense.

Value of money obtained from the ad is clicked the amount varies. Can be only one of ten cents to U.S. $ dollar. It is also one to several dollars per click. In one day, can not do that, click on the ad (especially if only slightly). For people who want great results without hard work, of course, this is quite a thorn.

Do not think flowery questions AdSense. Indeed, there are many successful AdSense publisher, but many also failed. Think is simple. If you want to join with Google AdSense, make it as a challenge. Do not think money problems first. Challenges Google AdSense is, how do we fix the ad, placing it in position and the lay-out appropriate and interesting visitors in large numbers. Make Google AdSense as the media continue to fill a good article on the blog and media practice as a discipline in writing. The more articles, the more opportunities the increase of visitors blog. The more you know, the greater the opportunities in ad clicks.

If you get results from Google AdSense, brand it as a replacement cost of surfing, hosting, domain and a charge for articles that are made. Google AdSense checks are sent in multiples of U.S. $ 100, so, after the reduced cost of the transfer and disbursement checks, the value is still just enough to pay for the domain and hosting for 1 year. Interesting is not it?

2. The Success Requires The Time
Value reached U.S. $ 100 during the Google AdSense program can take a short but often need more time speaking month. If for 1 month you only get an average of U.S. $ 5 (much less than that, varied depending on the blog), you need 20 months to reach U.S. $ 100.

Do not take a shortcut by clicking on the ads themselves, or tell friends, relatives, colleagues and others to deliberately do click on ads. Google has the ability to detect cheating and you can be. Remember Google's motto, "Do not be Evil." If dibanned, the value of the money you earn will have been destroyed and blog or website you can not re-registered.

Patient on the results obtained. Results obtained reflect the value of your blog. If it is still minimal, that means we must focus more on efforts to improve the quality of writing articles and blogs.

3. Show all of your ability
Google AdSense publisher that successful usually learn a lot about how to fill the post with a variety of interesting things. How to place ads in the appropriate position. How the layout of the website / blog that good. How do I mix colors between ads and content of the website of sync and others. You can learn more about HTML, css (Cascading Style Sheet), Java Script, Engine Blog, website format and various other interesting things.

Google AdSense

2008-11-02T02:42:00.000-08:00

Google AdSense is a Google advertising program. Explanation nutshell, if we install the code of Google ads, ads will appear every visitor to the website / blog us. If visitors do click on one of your existing ads, we can get a fee from Google, from attending cents dollars to several dollars per click. Ads could appears in the form of text, images, combined text and pictures, video and the use of certain software (such as the Firefox browser).

What is easy is that? Yes and no. Google AdSense is the art to attract visitors. More convenience and value of Google AdSense is located on the relevance of the ads that appear. Without the need to deceive visitors, the ads appear in accordance with relevant content and theme of the post website / blog. Visitors are attracted by these ads can only do click on ads without any sense of the strange, because the ads that appear are related to the material read.

Complexity, there are many factors that support this success. Start from the ad placement, content to the post for the visitors to the ads that appear.

Google AdSense is one way to get money from the internet that are real and can be proven. Unlike with other models of money the Internet, there is no way to pass by can be successful with Google AdSense.

How the Google AdSense.

2008-11-02T02:35:00.000-08:00

You only place Google ads on your site, and you will be in the pay-per-click ads. google average pay for each click on the ads is $ 0:01 and $ 5.00

You may laugh if you hear how "small" google pay. But you try to think, if there are 50,000 clicks x 0:01? = $ 500 in ad rates that count most small ie $ 0:01

I quoted the following explanation adsense already in my life by Partners I Andargini Muhammad Rivai, from the site Vavai.com

Business With a Google AdSense

2008-10-26T22:55:00.000-07:00

Google AdSense, is a business number 2, which most recomended in my list of my portfolio online business. Besides free, their income also very large, important and serious remain consistent to build your business.

Before I explain there is more you know him well, that google.com is currently occupying the rank 3 in the world range top sites and sites that get the most income. Still in first rank by the site yahoo.com (2002, the inflow of the site is yahoo.com 5 billion dollars).

I do not know exactly how much income growth of the site google.com, but I believe their income count in the billions of dollars. From the billions of dollars Google's profit, Will you take replied only benefits?, May be just 0:01%, 0:02%% or 0:05?